Seventyone pulex irritans and 8 ctenocephalides felis fleas were removed from dogs in two ecuadorian areas pastaza and chimborazo. Pulicidae article pdf available in journal of biogeography 162. A biogeography of the human flea, pulex irritans l. It is the most common and the most important pest species, posing serious health threat in many parts of the world through biting nuisance as well as transmitting dangerous infectious diseases 1,2. Human flea pulex irritans rat flea xenopsylla cheopis one flea can lay up to 50 eggs a day, which will lay dormant in your carpets and floor boards until the correct climate for hatching is reached. This study was carried out to identify molecular structure of internal transcribed spacer 1 its1 of ribosomal gene and its capability in the survey of pulex irritans. Encyclopedia of life lists seven species pulex alvarezi barrera, 1955. The human flea pulex irritans once also called the house flea is a cosmopolitan flea species that has, in spite of the common name, a wide host spectrum.
Molecular survey of its1 spacer and rickettsia infection. Pulex irritans depends mainly on its ocelli and pygidial sensilla or pygidium to find a host. Just as one cats fleas ctenocephalides felis come from the fleas on another cat, so do one persons human fleas pulex irritans come from the fleas on another person. The human flea pulex irritans once also called the house flea is a cosmopolitan flea. Pulex irritans can serve as an intermediate host for d. It has importance in public health since it commonly parasitizes humans causing dermatitis, and it has been also implicated in the transmission of bacterial pathogens. First report of target site insensitivity to pyrethroids. Pulicidae, is a major ectoparasite of humans and animals worldwide.
Pulex irritans the most common flea attacking humans flea any wingless bloodsucking parasitic insect noted for ability to leap genus pulex. Most reports concerning the development of insecticide resistance deal with the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis felis. Insects free fulltext insecticide resistance in fleas. Media in category pulex irritans the following 35 files are in this category, out of 35 total. Pulex irritans the human flea the human flea is found all over the world. Pulex irritans, known as the human flea, was the predominant flea species 72. The existence of morphological variations of characters used to differentiate c. A minority of these genera live in close association with humans synanthropic, including fleas of. Fleas are involved in the natural cycle of different bartonella spp. Noahs ark companion animal hospital recommended for you.
Genetic analysis of these species may provide insight into the dispersal of these insects and the spread of insecticide resistance. Pulex irritans definition of pulex irritans by the free. Pyrethroids are a main group of insecticides that have been. Rickettsia felis in fleas, southern ethiopia, 2010 to the editor.
Less often, dog fleas ctenocephalides canis infest homes do fleas from dogs jump on to humans human fleas pulex irritans prefer to feed on humans and pigs, but are much more commonly associated with living on wildlife. This species is not an efficient vector of any fleaborne diseases, but its bite can cause allergic reactions due to salivary. Yersinia pestis family enterobacteriaceae is a bacterium that can cause high rates of death in susceptible mammals and can provoke septicemic, pneumonic, and bubonic plague in humans. More than 2,500 species of flea, belonging to 16 families and 238 genera, have been described. The human flea is an important ectoparasite causing serious public health problems worldwide. Yersinia pestis in pulex irritans fleas during plague. When looking for a mate, a male will use his maxillary palps to determine if he has encountered a. This remedy antidotes spider poisons, to which many pets have allergic reactions. The pygidium can detect carbon dioxide, air currents and certain odors. The human flea pulex irritans is a cosmopolitan flea species that has, in spite of the common name, a wide host spectrum.
Pulex irritans synonyms, pulex irritans pronunciation, pulex irritans translation, english dictionary definition of pulex irritans. Pdf a biogeography of the human flea, pulex irritans l. Pulex irritans article about pulex irritans by the free. Pulex irritans m a taxonomic species within the family pulicidae the human flea, of cosmopolitan distribution with a range of mammalian hosts. Prevalence of ectoparasites in wild and domesticated grey francolinus pondicerianus and black partridges francolinus francolinus from khyber pakhtoonkhwa province of pakistan. This flea is a wellknown major human plague vector in madagascar.
As part of field sampling, fleas and small mammals were collected in the village of south andranofeno and the natural reserve of sohisika, two sites of the district of ankazobe, located in the. The species is thought to have originated in south america, where its original host may have been the. It breeds in profusion in pigsties, and people working in them can readily pick up large numbers of fleas and start infestations in their homes. Pulex irritans human flea pulex irritans is a nearly cosmopolitan parasite, primarily of humans. The cat flea, ctenocephalides felis, and the human flea, pulex irritans, are species of significant human and veterinary health concerns. Pdf yersinia pestis in pulex irritans fleas during. For this study, a total of 58 fleas were collected from texas and arkansas from both dwellings and pet animals. The aim of this article is to discuss ecologically safe plant repellents and insecticides used by peasants in old estonia against clothes moths tineola bisselliella hummel lepidoptera. The original was engraved by hermann fogel or vogel, 1453.
Origin, evolution, phylogeny and taxonomy of pulex irritans zurita. Genetic diversity of field populations of the cat flea. Jordan wyrwa author, university of michiganann arbor, heidi liere editor, university. Pulex cheopis definition of pulex cheopis by medical.
This species is primarily a nuisance pest and is one of the two primary species associated with bite allergic reactions, the other being c. Yersinia pestis in pulex irritans fleas during plague outbreak, madagascar. Fleas order siphonaptera are obligate hematophagous insects. This paper showed that the flea fauna of iran were dominated by seven families. Pulicidae is one of the most studied species together with the cat flea. In the past two decades the majority of new control treatments have been either topically applied or orally administered to the host.
Pulex irritans is the only cosmopolitan flea species and the most studied one within the genus pulex. Yersinia pestis family enterobacteriaceae is a bacterium that can cause high rates of death in susceptible mammals and can provoke septicemic, pneumonic, and bubonic plague in. Yersinia pestis in pulex irritans fleas during plague outbreak, madagascar article pdf available in emerging infectious diseases 208. Cape town head office unit 17 prime business park printers way marconi beam montague gardens, 7441 cape town south africa. Daphnia pulex is the most common species of the water flea, an organism which can be found in almost every permanent, eutrophic nutrientrich water body. Yersinia pestis family enterobacteriaceae is a bacterium that can. A few species are marine, but generally daphnia, including daphnia pulex, are freshwater organisms. Abstract the human flea pulex irritans linnaeus, 1758 siphonaptera. In north america it generally parasitizes large wild mammals, but in the pacific northwest an association has emerged between p.
Author summary the data about fleaborne emerging or reemerging infections throughout iran are limited. Planning and monitoring the control programs against this vector require the knowledge of population structure and vector competence. Meanwhile, the dog flea, ctenocephalides canis, and even more common, the cat flea, ct. Fleas are the major ectoparasite of cats, dogs, and rodents worldwide and potential vectors of animal diseases.
All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. Plague is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium yersinia pestis and is transmitted through the bites of infected rodent fleas. The species is thought to have originated in south america, where its original host may have been the guinea pig or. Flea eggs hatch into the second stage of the lifecycle, larvae, before entering the pupae stage. In the past pulex irritans was a serious nuisance and disease vector to humans, but it is now becoming rare in most industrialised countries. Yersinia pestis in pulex irritans fleas during plague outbreak. Pulex irritans has been found all over the world except for the arctic. Besides man, it infests cats, dogs, and many other domestic animals, particularly the pig. And while they dont usually live on nonfurry hosts like humans, they can and do bite people. Bishopp, fleas as pests to man and animals, with suggestions for their control, us department of agriculture farmers bulletin 683, page 2, the human flea normally attacks man, but may be found on a number of other animals. Moreover fleahost association analysis indicates that rodents are common hosts of flea families and most vertebrates hosted fleas belonging to the subfamilies xenopsyllinae, ctenophthalminae and amphipsyllinae. A species of flea, pulex irritans, with a variety of hosts, that is relatively prevalent among humans. Pulex irritans in the disease transmission 9 although it has been shown to be a poor vector of y.
Plague is well known for causing 3 major human pandemics that have killed millions of people since 541 a. Laboratory identification of arthropod ectoparasites. References yersinia pestis in pulex irritans fleas during. This zoonotic pathogen can be transmitted directly by infectious droplets or by contact with contaminated fluid or tissue or indirectly through flea bites. Yersinia pestis in pulex irritans fleas during plague outbreak, madagascar to the editor. They are laterally flattened, holometabolous, and wingless ectoparasites. Yersinia pestis family enterobacteriaceae is a bacterium that can cause high rates of death in susceptible mammals and can provoke septicemic, pneumonic, and bubonic plague in humans 1. From the jocund tales of augsburg nuremburg, mathias kopurger, 1487. The fleas on a person, or cat, drop their eggs on the ground or floor. Do dog fleas jump on humans free download pdf official. We detected rickettsia felis dna in ctenocephalides felis and bartonella quintana dna in 3 pulex irritans fleas taken from a pet cercopithecus cephus monkey in gabon, subsaharan africa.
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